Astronomy

The Birth of Astronomy

        Illustrate ancient humans based on the motion of stars and planets da mythology. Chinese people never think that a solar eclipse occurs because there is a monster trying annexed.

        Astronomy is the oldest science. Natural for early humans to study the motion of celestial bodies, stars and the moon because the sun affects the way they organize their lives. On the day of light and heat, they can hunt and carry out other tasks. Thus, the activities regulated by the time the sun rises and sets. But this month is also important to them, not only because it illuminates the night. Phase changes, regular, early determination of the calendar. Requires an interval of 29 months after initial ½ day of full moon to the next full moon. Such period is known as one month Komariyah.

        Advantages have become apparent to believe about 8000 calendar years BC, when people started farming. Because of the division of time, can be planned sowing and harvesting seasons.

        The ancient Babylonians thought that a year consists of twelve months Komariyah. Therefore they make the calendar consists of 12 months, the length of each intermittent 29 and 30 days. Too bad year thus amounted to only 354 days - 11 days shorter than it is. It soon became obvious error, since the passage of time does not match Komariyah month with the arrival of the season. To overcome this, an extra month to be entered once every 3 years. But the calendar year is always a little shorter, and always needed repairs from time to time. The Babylonians already knew that certain groups of stars in the sky at certain seasons as well. Therefore, since the year 2100 s.M. they used the stars to align the calendar. When a star appears when it should not matter according to their calendar, corrections need to be held. Obtained in other countries also ordered another calendar. This calendar is also based on observations of the moon and the stars of Astronomy.Story, stories, and Religion

            With careful dating system, astronomers can predict events that will occur, such as eclipses and comets penampaka events. But, they still have not been able to explain why such an event occurs. And they also do not know the true nature of celestial objects. Because that's saga and the story was developed and used to explain all things supernatural.
        The Chinese for example expect a solar eclipse is caused because there is a dragon trying to swallow the sun. They shouted, and the rollicking beat gongs to drive away the dragon. This tactic seems to work, shown from behind the sun penyembulan recently.
        Then the science of astronomy for some time hampered because people worshiped the sun and the moon as a god. Fortunately, some people are always questioning what they see, and the Astronomy crept forward.Earth and its position

            Ancient astronomers thought the earth flat. The first idea that our Earth's curvature, derived from Aristotle fisuf Greece, circa 300 BC According to him, his curve of the earth can be used to explain certain stars come from somewhere, but not visible from anywhere else. It also is used to describe the curved shadow of the earth that looks at the moon, the eclipse of the moon. Immediately accept the idea that our planet intangible sphere. In addition, because our planet is the most important celestial bodies, the ancient Greeks considered the earth as the center of the universe. They circulate around the sun, moon and other planets around the earth, the stars remain in the background. But this has not been able to unravel the strange movements of the planets. Not until about the year 100 s.M. a, Greece Ptolemy, explores the mind are as follows: the trajectory of planets have a little circle of intangibles (episikel). Is a small circular orbit of the circular shape (deferen) around the earth. Ptolemaic view that this is not regarded as true for the next 14 centuries.

People who are Changing the astronomical

            In 1500 Nicolaus Copernicus published a book that explains that the planets revolve around the sun. Theory, astronomers astronomy encourage others to develop new discoveries about the planets and their movements.

            After Ptolemy died in 180 s.M. slightly advanced astronomy. Then in a 700-Arabs make Baghdad (now Iraq) as the center of the investigation the sky. Although at that time was still mingled with Astrology Astronomy in Baghdad brought a lot of careful observation. Astronomy and progress was slow because people still believe the earth is the center of the universe. It was only in 1550 that the concept of the state of the planet's orbit around the sun is acceptable. Astronomy is the originator of the revolution named Nicolaus Copernicus, a Polish physician nation.Copernican revolution

            Actually, Copernicus was not the first to argue that the planets orbit around the sun. Aristarchus of Greece never had a similar idea in the year 290 BC. But he failed to convince others, to the idea of ​​earth as the center of the universe alive. When based on observations, Copernicus realized that the planets orbit around the sun, he does not immediately propagate this idea, the Church at that time supported the idea of ​​the Ptolemaic universe. Someone who has another view of that embraced by the Church can be punished, even executed. Copernicus then take a wise decision to delay the broadcast until the theory in 1543, when he knew the end was near. Although there are formidable challenges of the Church, the teaching of

 Copernicus attract many supporters. The revolution has begun.

            Tycho Brahe of Denmark is a star scientist in the 1500's. However, although many of the results of careful observation he says, he can not afford to develop it. By contrast, his student, a mathematician named Johannes Kepler German nation, able to take advantage of these teachers notes. Of note is the Kepler, managed to find out exactly how the planets circulate. In 1609 found that the planets orbit the sun through an elliptical trajectory, rather than circular. He also noticed that the closer a planet to the sun, the faster the motion. While Kepler investigated the laws governing planetary motion, an important event occurred in the Netherlands. In 1608 an eyewear maker named Han Lippershey make binoculars.

            Galileo Galilei in Italy soon to make a well. With this telescope Galilei discovered sunspots, phases of Venus, mountains and valleys of the moon, and the four moons of Jupiter. But the Church still believe in the theory of the earth as the center of the universe, and Galileo was forced to promise not to support the order of Copernicus. Later, the Church forced Galileo Galilei even really leave Astronomy.

Motion and Force-Weight

            Isaac Newton, English scientist who is good at good at, find much that is essential for Astronomy. He also reviewed the law relating to moving objects, including falling objects. The work was led Newton to understand the strength of attraction between two objects. Style called Gravity. Objects fall to the ground because of gravity. Similarly, the force that causes the planet to be on the track always stays around the sun. Newton's law allows astronomers to calculate accurately the motion of celestial bodies. Just for example, the appearance of a comet in the future can be predicted with confidenceInsight into the Universe

            One of the greatest astronomers of all time A is the William Herschel. He awakens our galaxy to determine based on the observation of the stars. And in 1780, and he was the first to ever suggest that some of the objects in the sky at night might be another galaxy far from our star system. If that's true, it means that the universe is much larger than expected so far. In 1923 Herschel theory can be verified by the American scientist Edwin Hubble. This is a surprising discovery changed the human mind. Then, exactly what Hubble discovered that the universe is always changing.